The Great Economic Depression Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Great Economic Depression - Term Paper Example The Great Economic Depression Indeed, the stock market crashed, the economy eventually collapsed and the U.S was marred by a long spell of economic depression. This paper analyzes the major causes of the Great Depression, and the reasons why it lasted so long. The Great Economic Depression Introduction The Great depression of the 1930 is one of the darkest moments in the economic history of the United States. It was characterized by a crash of the stock market, collapse of the economy, which eventually escalated into a prolonged period of economic depression. The Great Depression caused enormous of hardships to millions of people and resulted to the collapse of a large fraction of the country’s banks, farms and businesses. Besides many other long-term causes which developed prior to the depression such as bank failures, decline in spending and the drought conditions, the stock market crash of October 1929 is perceived as the immediate cause of the Great Depression. The crash of the stock market The crash o f the stock market in October 1929 has been believed to be the major spark that marked the onset of the Great Depression. Initially, the stock market thrived through the 1920’s. The more it grew, the more people invested their money into it. Nonetheless, on Tuesday October 29, 1929, otherwise known as the Black Tuesday, the stock market crashed (Bernanke 16). Within two month after the crash of the stock market, stockholders had lost over $40 billion.... Bank failures The other major factor that contributed to the onset of Great Depression is the bank failures. Prior to the depression, many banks, especially in the rural areas had overextended their loans to farmers, most of who could not repay. Conversely, most big banks had overextended their credit to foreign countries in the aftermath of the First World War. As times became tougher, most of the banks halted their lending and many debtors defaulted on their outstanding loans. Consequently, many banks went bankrupt. Be that as it may, more than 9000 banks in the United States had collapsed by the end of the 1930’s (McConnell, Brue and Flynn 28). As a result many people lost their savings as most of the bank deposits were uninsured. As the Great Depression continued to hit even harder, more and more banks were forced out of business due to bankruptcy. In addition, the few surviving banks were worried and became more concerned with their ability to continue running. As a resul t, most of them became reluctant to offer new loans. This aggravated the situation as it led to less expenditure. Thus, the increased closing of banks and the panics by the surviving banks almost completely shut down the banking system of the United States. Decline in spending Scores of economists have attributed the onset of the Great Depression to a decline in spending. This is based on huge decline in output and prices during the Great Depression. An adverse demand shock leads to a reduction in aggregate demand for goods and services at a given price. As a result of the stock market crash and increased fears regarding the future economic problems, many people stopped purchasing goods and services. This

Community Service Project Essay Example for Free

Community Service Project Essay In order to graduate some people feel as if teens should have a community service project. Should they have a community service project? As like many things doing a community service project can have some good things to it like for instince helping others at free will with no money or keeping teens out of trouble. But we have found more bad reasons to this rather than fiinding good ones. Here are some of these reasons, like many people in this world most teens do not have transportation and not havinig transportation is a bad thing it could result in people not getting what they need to get done. Think if teens do not have transportation how will they be able to do their community service project? Some more supporting reasons on why we should not have a community service project is what if the teens have a job that they have to go to as soon as they get out of school? Most teens are out here working and may not be able to fit this time consuming project in to their schedule so therefor it would be very stressful for them because they would not be able to get it done and they would probably fail which would not be good because most teens have plans for college and what about supervision during this project will the students be supervised? Who would watch the teens and acually make sure they actually do their community service project instead of faking it. We would end up needing some people from the school to make sure that they actually did their project instead of faking it and what about safety issues? Some one could get hurt doing their project and no one would know it unless we had them supervised. Which is another reason of why doing this community service project would be a bad idea. Sometimes people also get very sick and can not move around that well. If someone is sick they will not feel like doing much moving around. So how would they do their community service project if their really bad off they would not be able to. Most teens also would not want to do this project because it is time consuming and would take time off of their own time and they would not be able to spend time with their family like they hope to do on the weekends that their off of school. A lot of teens out here have health issues going on or some problems in life that they may be facing so it would definitly be very stressing if they could not get it done. Also what about the school would they be willing to do the project during school they probably would not be able to fit this in their schedule. In my personal opinion I think that this would not be a good idea because there is way too many bad reasons rather than good reasons for this community service project and people would have a lot of issues getting it done and it would make it very hard and stressful on them. So should teens have a community service project? No because there is to much bad ideas on this project.

Deception in Tartuffe, Phaedra, and The Marriage of Figaro Essay

Deception in Tartuffe, Phaedra, and The Marriage of Figaro  Ã‚   In literature, deception can provide motivation for the characters, provide comedy, play a part in the advancement of plot or exist as a sub-theme. The works considered in our studies thus far provide prime examples of the use of deception in the aforementioned ways. This essay will focus on the act or acts of deception in Tartuffe by Molià ¨re, Phaedra by Racine, and The Marriage of Figaro by Beaumarchais. In Molià ¨re's Tartuffe, the primary action of the play is focused upon the deception of Orgon as performed by Tartuffe. Tartuffe is a hypocritically pious Christian much like the televangelists of the present day. His nature is best illustrated in scene two of act three with: Hang up my hair-shirt, put my scourge in place, And pray, Laurent, for Heaven's perpetual grace. I'm going to the prison now, to share My last few coins with the poor wretches there. This statement, made for the benefit of Dorine, illustrates Tartuffe's hypocritical nature. Tartuffe's religious piety is much like his hair-s... Deception in Tartuffe, Phaedra, and The Marriage of Figaro Essay Deception in Tartuffe, Phaedra, and The Marriage of Figaro  Ã‚   In literature, deception can provide motivation for the characters, provide comedy, play a part in the advancement of plot or exist as a sub-theme. The works considered in our studies thus far provide prime examples of the use of deception in the aforementioned ways. This essay will focus on the act or acts of deception in Tartuffe by Molià ¨re, Phaedra by Racine, and The Marriage of Figaro by Beaumarchais. In Molià ¨re's Tartuffe, the primary action of the play is focused upon the deception of Orgon as performed by Tartuffe. Tartuffe is a hypocritically pious Christian much like the televangelists of the present day. His nature is best illustrated in scene two of act three with: Hang up my hair-shirt, put my scourge in place, And pray, Laurent, for Heaven's perpetual grace. I'm going to the prison now, to share My last few coins with the poor wretches there. This statement, made for the benefit of Dorine, illustrates Tartuffe's hypocritical nature. Tartuffe's religious piety is much like his hair-s...

Issues Concerning African Americans and Puerto Ricans Essay

There are four major ethnic, cultural and racial groups present in the United States today. These groups which compose the nation’s population are the African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic and Native Americans or the Non-Hispanic Whites. From the dawn of time, issues of racial profiling have haunted the American Society, although United States of America is said to be the birthplace of patriotism unity and believed to be a nation that will adhere to intense dedication to freedom, justice and equality (Feagin, 1978). The vast diversity of the American population which characterizes the nation’s inhabitants has often resulted to disorder and chaos, as discrimination exists across the nation. Although the government has taken some actions and laws have been made and are implemented, they are not enough to counteract the racism problem at hand which is deeply rooted in the American tradition, as a longer time may deemed necessary before the public become accustomed to a racial free society. If the authorities are keen on abolishing and eliminate racial discrimination, it then important that they see to it that the public would have a better understanding and background of the different ethnic and minority groups. Awareness to their values, customs and traditions are small little steps that may eventually lead to these groups coexistence. For this reason, the paper discusses two of the major groups that play important roles in shaping the United States social structure, the African Americans and the Puerto Ricans. The emergence of Africans Americans or the black Americans population, which are United States residents but with blood lineage from the black racial group of Africa, in the United States can be traced back way before 1800’s as majority of black Americans have their descendants in the United States. While White Americans came to the United States voluntarily, their Black counterparts were not given a choice as majority of the black population came in America as slaves (Feagin, 1978). It is noting to know that among the different ethnics group that come and settled in the United States, African Americans are the only group which have come not in accordance with their own free will. They were used as servants in large agricultural fields. It was believed that the first African American that had entered the borders of the United States settled in Jamestown. Their slavery and the hard labors they performed served as their free passage to the United States as they are compared to English poor people. However during the great American Civil War, by virtue of the proclamation signed by President Abraham Lincoln, the Emancipation Proclamation, African Americans became free. But then the post war era, the restoration period, calls for the segregation of blacks from the whites and deteriorates what was supposed to be period of new beginning for the blacks.. In order to free themselves of troubles and violence brought by discrimination, most Black Americans followed the law which dictates racial segregation. However, as violence related to racial discrimination became widespread, calls for abolishing the racial profiling laws also intensify as growing African American heritage and intellect became more evident. The era of civil rights movement which aimed to promote camaraderie and embed equality by eliminating racial discrimination help largely to the Black Americans cause of seeking dignity for their culture and race. Thus, when the Black Power Propaganda was formed a more complex ideology was born as African American seeks for moral dignity, fairness, justice and freedom from white oppression. Today, free from slavery and contributing vastly to economics and politics and enjoying a legal status, Black Americans have enjoyed a great deal of success as they experienced and enjoyed greater rights, far from what were their ancestors have before. However, complete satisfaction and recognition of their rights will have to wait for another few years as white people and custom is still the dominant culture in the United States. The radical change, however, which started from the nineteenth century are strong indications and evidence of the emerging power the African Americans are obtaining. African Americans now have greater access top higher educations and growth in employment as blue and white collar workers are also evident. Disparity between the poverty of black and people have also reduced and many black Americans now have there owned home. However, the sad part is although continuous improvements are achieved each day, black Americans are still at disadvantage with the white people. It can be observed in issues regarding health insurances and benefits and institutional racism, which is very much present especially in middle school’s class. In fact, a report in Rutherford country showed that massive complaints of racial discriminations are filed as parents are alarmed with the growing numbers of black students that are suspended. Compare to their white counterparts, black students continue to be suspended at much higher rates, raising the question of racial discrimination in imposing discipline among the students. In 2006 for instance, 14. 4 % of black students were suspended in the district, which causes a handful of students to lag behind their studies (Scott, 2007). On the other hand rate of suspension for white students stand at 6. 6% (Scott, 2007). Figures and numbers indicate that the rates at which black students are suspended are more than double of the rate at which whites are. This then has poses an alarmed to the black population as their children are put into a disadvantage situation. Just like the African Americans, Puerto Ricans suffer a great deal of oppression and poverty as they occupy the bottom most part of the United States’ social hierarchy for years (Feagin, 1978). They are considered as one of the world’s poorest groups, however, Puerto Rico posses a great link to the Caribbean world and the developing counties across the globe, which the United States social failed to utilize for their own advantage as it failed to realize its importance to the nation. The emergence of the Puerto Rican Ethnic group dates back to the time when the island which was then named as Borinquen, was a colony under the rule of Spain. For 400 years, Spain uses it as a strategic base. The island was a home for different tribes of Taino, however as the Spanish settle with in the island, population of the Indian tribes gradually diminished as generations passed by. Disappearance was due to the fact that Spain used them for forced labor in mines -which causes natives to acquire disease, massive exterminations and racial intermingling and merging. During that time, where in slavery was widespread, large number of African Americans was brought to Puerto to replace the natives as workers. Thus, the present genetic component of a modern Puerto Rican is a mix of Spanish, native Indians and African American. In 1898, as Spain succumb to American power during the Spanish-American War it surrendered Puerto Rico to the United States. Americans deemed Puerto Ricans as ignorant and as result, self governing was denied to them and Puerto Rico become entirely dependent to the US government. Puerto Ricans were left confused politically and culturally as they desperately ask matters about the issue of their citizenship. US Congress however, denied them of acquiring US citizenship relating that Puerto Ricans and Americans should not be treated as equal and they are inferior compare to them. But a year before the US plunged into the World War I, it granted Puerto Ricans US citizenship. With the booming population and stagnant economics, Puerto Rico became one of the poorest countries around the globe in the 1940’s. In an effort to escape the harsh reality of life in the island, many of the population migrated to the United States, bringing with them the hope and the promise of an American Dream. However, the situation would not be different, as immigrants would fail to land jobs and are exploited. Furthermore, housings were prioritized for Native Americans. Language handicapped was also a barrier, which leads to them being discriminated. Puerto Ricans are also identified with Catholicism and Christianity which is teaching based from Spanish colonial times, and since the structure of the American church is Protestant, conflicts often arise. Businessmen of Puerto Rico descends, would often complain of the difficulty in getting loans. With automation starting to engulf the business and industrial sections, Puerto Ricans further sink to the bottom of the social pyramid as they become more isolated, like the black people. There were no opportunities that were presented for them as they lack the skills to land jobs. But then came the era of being unrest, the emergence of Civil Rights Movement and Anti-Poverty Groups in the 1960’s helped Puerto Ricans stimulate and assimilate into the American society, culture and politics (Nash, 2000). The movement and program covers every Puerto Rican and led to astounding solutions to the problems that result from ethnics and cultural differences and inconsistencies which are related to the failure to be in accordance with the dominant American Culture. The emergence of theses groups had opened the eyes of the Puerto Rican public to seek for fair and just treatment and uphold their dignity. Although they have been successful in appealing for changes, after decades of struggling for political representation, culture and customs respect and their placed into the American Society, Puerto Ricans are today just slowly beginning to achieve and realize the progress and results. Whether it is questions about citizenship status, welfare and housing programs, bilingual and multi-cultural education or electoral power, Puerto Ricans had stood the test of time and has proven it is capable of complex assimilation to the dominant American society. However for Puerto Ricans and other ethnic minorities and racial group in America, being subordinate to the dominant American culture is a continued struggle as still they are treated unjustly. References Feagin. J. (1978) Racial and Ethnic Relations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall. p. 212, p. 298 Scott, B. (2007). Daily Race Colors Suspensions. News Journal Murfreesboro. Nash, K. (2000). Contemporary Political Sociology: Globalization, Politics, and Power. Blackwell Publishers.

How Far Does Linda Make Us Feel Sympathy Towards Linda in Death of a Salesman

In Arthur Miller’s â€Å"Death of a Salesman†, Linda plays the key female role. It seems the family revolves around her, and she seems to be the most forward thinking character in the play, but does Miller make us feel sympathy towards her? There are many reasons as to why we could feel sympathy for Linda. Firstly, Linda is living with all the families dreams. Trapped by Willy’s failed career the family has nothing, and Linda has to bear that. Her two children, who are both great looking and confident, have made nothing of themselves at ages 34 and 32.All she wants is a realistic goal, but she gets dragged into the dreams her family mistakenly create. Willy himself says in the restaurant scene â€Å"the woman has waited and the woman has suffered. † Willy is showing he realises what he is putting Linda through, but unfortunately he has no fix. Secondly, Linda has had to suffer through Willy’s Suicidal thoughts, plagued everyday with trying to remove the rubber pipe, but putting it back everyday for fear of hurting Willy.Linda is forced to bear the thought of Willy killing himself daily, that can’t be easy for a woman who suffers in so many other ways. Thirdly, Willy cannot provide for Linda, not allowing her to work, for fear of looking unsuccessful. Willy is only paid commission, and throughout his working life he has never made much money. This means the family cannot afford many luxuries, with a cheap car, and cheap appliances such as their refrigerator.Linda is seen mending stockings by Willy, a key symbol in the play, not only can Willy not provide enough money for Linda to afford expensive stockings, but Willy could provide stockings to ‘the Woman’, with Stockings a symbol for sexuality and femininity, it could be said that Willy provided sexually for his Mistress, but not for Linda. Thirdly, Willy has never treated Linda right. As Biff puts it, â€Å"He never had an ounce of respect for you,† the kitchen scene at the end of act one shows this well, with Willy shouting at Linda whenever she tried to put in a word, â€Å"Wildly enthused, to Linda: Stop Interrupting! , he doesn’t give Linda the respect she deserves, treating her as if she knows nothing, perhaps Willy doesn’t want her to know much, keeping her from being independent of him. This is also seen through Willy’s affair, it seems that through all of Willy’s choices or actions, Linda bears the pain from it. Although Linda can come across as a victim in all that has happened, it is not completely fair to say that she is completely worthy of sympathy;It seems that although Willy doesn’t provide much for his family, Linda doesn’t mind that Willy isn’t successful, she is happy with what she has, and lives realistically, accepting what she has, and not tying herself up in dreams like her family has. She is quoted to say â€Å"Why must everyone conquer the world,† something that rings through not just her thoughts but also what Miller thought. Miller wants to show us the difference between Willy’s dreamy hopes, and Linda’s realistic approach to living. Linda doesn’t believe in Willy’s adapted version of the American Dream, but it is ultimately this that finishes him off.

Jane Boleyn, Lady Rochford - Tudor Lady-in-Waiting

Jane Boleyn, Lady Rochford - Tudor Lady-in-Waiting Jane Boleyn, Viscountess Rochford, born Jane Parker (circa 1505 - February 13, 1542), was a noblewoman and a courtier at the court of Henry VIII of England. She married into the Boleyn/Howard family and spent the rest of her life embroiled in their intrigues. Early Life Jane was born in Norfolk, though the year is not recorded: record-keeping was imperfect at the time, and a daughters birth was not significant enough. Her parents were Henry Parker, 10th Baron  Morley, and his wife Alice (nee Alice St. John). Like most girls of noble birth, she was likely educated at home; records are scarce. She was sent to court sometime before her fifteenth birthday to join the court of Katherine of Aragon. The first record of Jane being noted at court came in 1520, where she was part of the royal party that traveled to France for the Field of the Cloth of Gold meeting between Henry and Francis I of France. Jane was also recorded as participating in a court masquerade pageant in 1522, which indicates she was likely considered very pretty, although no confirmed portraits of her survive. Joining The Boleyns   Her family arranged her marriage to George Boleyn in 1525. At the time, Georges sister Anne Boleyn was a leader in court society, but had not yet caught the kings eye; her sister Mary had recently been Henrys mistress.  As a respected member of a powerful family, George earned a wedding present from the king: Grimston Manor, a house in Norfolk. By 1526 or 1527, Annes power had increased, and with it the fortunes of all the Boleyns. George Boleyn was given the title Viscount Rochford in 1529 as a mark of royal favor, and Jane became known as Viscountess Rochford (Lady Rochford was the appropriate form of direct address). Despite all these material gains, Janes marriage was probably an unhappy one. George was unfaithful, and historians have debated the exact nature of his debauchery: whether he was promiscuous, gay, violent, or some combination thereof. Nevertheless, the marriage did not result in any children. Boleyn Rise and Fall In 1532, when Henry VIII entertained the French king Francis I at Calais, Anne Boleyn, and Jane Boleyn appeared together. Henry finally divorced Katherine, and Anne married Henry in 1533, at which time Jane was a lady of the bedchamber to Anne. The nature of her relationship with Anne is not recorded. Some speculate that the two were not close and that Jane was jealous of Anne, but Jane did risk temporary exile from court to help Anne banish one of Henrys younger mistresses. Annes marriage to Henry began to fail, however, and Henrys attentions began to turn to other women. Anne miscarried in 1534 and had discovered that Henry was having an affair. Somewhere along the line, Janes loyalties shifted away from the faltering queen. By 1535, Jane had definitely sided against Anne, when Jane was part of a Greenwich demonstration protesting that Mary Tudor, not Annes daughter Elizabeth, was the true heir. This incident led to a stay in the Tower for Jane and for Annes aunt, Lady William Howard. In May 1536, the Boleyns fell. George was arrested and accused of incest and treason, and Anne was accused of witchcraft, adultery, treason, and incest. Some have concluded that the idea that Anne and her brother George were committing incest may have been spread by Jane. While this is unknown, Janes testimony was likely key evidence used in Thomas Cromwells case against Anne.  Another charge against Anne at her trial, though it was not spoken in court, was that Anne had told Jane that the king was impotent - a piece of information Cromwell had obtained from Jane.   George Boleyn was executed on May 17, 1536, and Anne on May 19.  Janes motivations in this betrayal are lost to history: she may have been terrified by Henrys vengeance, but the reputation she gained in history was as a jealous harpy who schemed against her in-laws. Lady To Later Queens After her husbands death, Jane Boleyn retired to the country. She was in serious financial trouble and obtained some help from her father-in-law. Apparently, Thomas Cromwell was also helpful to the woman who had been helpful to him in making the case against Anne, and she was allowed to continue using her aristocratic title. Jane became a lady of the bedchamber to Jane Seymour and was selected to bear the train of the Princess Mary at the queens funeral. She was lady of the bedchamber to the next two queens, as well. When Henry VIII wanted a quick divorce from his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves, Jane Boleyn provided evidence, saying that Anne had confided in her in a roundabout way that the marriage had not actually been consummated. This report was included in the divorce proceedings. Now firmly with a reputation for eavesdropping and meddling, Jane became a crucial figure in the household of Henry VIIIs young, new wife, Catherine Howard  - a cousin of Anne Boleyn.  In that role, she was found to have been a go-between arranging visits between Catherine and her love Thomas Culpeper, finding them meeting places and hiding their meetings. She may even have instigated or at least encouraged their affair, for reasons unknown. Downfall and Depictions When Catherine was accused of the affair, which amounted to treason against the king, Jane  first denied knowledge of it. The interrogation of Jane over this matter caused her to lose her sanity, raising questions whether shed be well enough to be executed. A letter to Culpeper was produced in Catherines handwriting, in which was found the sentence, Come when my Lady Rochford is here, for then I shall be at leisure to be at your commandment. Jane Boleyn was charged, tried, and found guilty. Her execution took place on Tower Green on February 3, 1542, after Jane made a prayer for the king and alleged she had falsely testified against her husband. She was buried at the Tower of London, near Catherine, George, and Anne.   After her death, the image of Jane as the jealous accuser and manipulator firmly took hold and was accepted as fact for centuries. Most fictional portrayals of her have depicted a jealous, unstable, vicious woman at worst and an easily manipulated tool of powerful men at best. In recent years, however, biographers and historians have revisited her legacy and questioned whether or not Jane simply did the best she could to survive one of the most dangerous courts in history. Jane Boleyn Fast Facts Full Name:  Jane Boleyn, Viscountess RochfordBorn:  circa 1505 in Norfolk, EnglandDied:  February 13, 1542 on Tower Green, LondonSpouse: George Boleyn, Viscount Rochford (m. 1525 - 1536)Occupation:  English nobility; lady of the bedchamber for four queensKnown for:  Sister-in-law to Anne Boleyn who may have testified in her downfall; lady-in-waiting to five of Henry VIIIs queens Sources Fox, Julia.  Jane Boleyn: The True Story of the Infamous Lady Rochford.  London, Weidenfeld Nicolson, 2007.Weir, Alison. The Six Wives of Henry VIII.  New York, Grove Press, 1991.

Impromptu Speeches for ESL Learners

Impromptu Speeches for ESL Learners Impromptu speeches refer to those time when you get up in front of people and speak about a topic without preparation, or with very little preparation. Impromptu speech is a fancy phrase used to indicate speaking for an extended length of time about a topic. Practicing impromptu speeches can help you or your class prepare for at these common tasks: Weddings or other celebrationsIn class when a professor asks for your opinion about somethingJob interview questionsSmall talk at partiesExchanging opinions at business or other meetingsSpeaking in publicMaking new friends and exchanging ideas Practicing Impromptu Speeches In order to become comfortable giving impromptu speeches, practice giving impromptu speeches in front of the mirror, in class, with other students, and so on. Here are some techniques to help get used to speaking without preparation. Think in Terms of a Well Written Paragraph Although writing is not the same as speaking, there are some common characteristics relating impromptu speaking and well written paragraphs. A well written paragraph contains: An IntroductionA Main Idea or PointSupporting Evidence / ExamplesConclusion Speaking successfully about a topic should follow the same basic outline. Introduce your topic with an interesting antidote, quote, statistic or other information to catch the listeners attention. Next, state your opinion and give some examples. Finally, make a conclusion by stating why this information youve provided is relevant. Heres an example of someone stating her opinion at a party to a group of friends about a film. The language may be more idiomatic than in writing, but the structure is quite similar. Example Opinion or Impromptu Speech The new James Bond film is so exciting! Daniel Craig looks amazing and hes such a good actor. Ive heard that he does all of his own stunts. In fact, he was injured making the last film. Hes also so tough, but at the same time so suave. Have you seen the trailer in which he jumps onto a moving train and then adjusts his cufflinks! Classic Bond! Not all James Bond films are great, but its amazing how well theyve stood the test of time. Heres a breakdown of how this short opinion parallels basic paragraph structure: An Introduction s - Ive heard that he does all of his own stunts. In fact, he was injured making the last film. Hes also so tough, but at the same time so suave. Have you seen the trailer in which he jumps onto a moving train and then adjusts his cufflinks! Classic Bond!Conclusion - Not all James Bond films are great, but its amazing how well theyve stood the test of time. Clearly, this opinion would be much too informal for a written essay or business report. However, by providing structure we can speak with confidence, as well as get our points across. Give yourself 30 seconds to prepareTime yourself - try to first speak for one minute, then two minutesGet correctionsTry, try again Rules for Practice Here are some rules that I find helpful for practicing impromptu speeches on your own or in your class. If possible, get someone to help out with correction in class for both the overall structure and common grammar problems. If you dont have anyone, record yourself. Youll be surprised how quickly you improve keeping these simple tips in mind. Give yourself 30 seconds to prepareTime yourself - try to first speak for one minute, then two minutesGet correctionsTry, try again Finally, here are a number of topic suggestions to help get your started practicing impromptu speeches. Impromptu Speech Topic Suggestions Why are habits or routines helpful? / How can habits or routines lead to boredom?How does the weather affect your mood?Why did your favorite team win or lose the last game, match or competition?Why are you looking for a new job?What happened to make your break up / end your last relationship?Tell me something about a hobby or a subject in school?Why dont parents understand their children?What makes a good parent?What suggestions would you make to your boss to improve the company?If you could take a year off from work or school, what would you do?Why are governments in such trouble around the world?Why did you enjoy or not enjoy your last date?Who is your mentor, and why?What should the teachers do more / less often?Why did you do well / poorly on the last homework assignment or test?

The Ultimate College Student Grocery List to Be Healthy and Fit

The Ultimate College Student Grocery List to Be Healthy and Fit You may have heard of the Freshman 15? Though not exactly a myth, it is a bit of an exaggeration since studies show that the average weight a freshman actually gains is between 2.5-3.5 lbs. On the other hand, fifteen percent of college students reported weight loss. For students their appearance is usually more important than their health. However, the way people look is directly related to the way people feel. This leads us to the questions: How to be healthy and fit when studying in college? What should be on college student grocery list? Basic Food for College Students Checking out a nutritional food chart below can give you a starting point of what you need to eat each day and how much of it you should ideally include in your diet. Barring allergies, a food chart can help guide you to finding the right combination of: grains fruits and vegetables proteins and fats oils and sugars Please note: Competitive athletes who engage in strenuous daily workouts and competitions should consult a nutritionist to make sure they’re obtaining the right level of nutrients to maintain their performance and health. So, now, when you know the fundamentals, find out what exactly should be on a college shopping list. Breakfast Foods First meals first 🙂 Many students refuse from having breakfast because they simply not having enough time in the morning. Below, youll find the items you should include to your grocery list for breakfasts that easy to make. Eggs are a great breakfast food for college students. Full of protein and vitamin B12, essential for proper brain function, eggs are a college student’s best friend. Granola is a great way to start the day, but not if it’s loaded with sugars and oils. Museli, a lighter version of granola without the fats and oils is a good option with yogurt, milk or your choice of nut milk. The fiber in the grains and dried fruits help promote healthy bowel function. Pancakes - Try a whole grain version or one that uses yogurt instead of milk for a healthier variety. Whole grains release energy more slowly over time so wheat or another whole grain flour will give you longer-term sustenance than white flour pancakes. Bagels and lox   - There’s a reason why the most competitive city in the world (New York) has bagels and lox for breakfast. A whole grain bagel with low-fat cream cheese and smoked salmon is a powerhouse of a breakfast. The whole grain bagel with give you slow-release energy throughout the morning while the low-fat cream cheese will provide some calcium and protein. Salmon is rich in protein and omega-3 fatty acids that help improve memory and cognitive function. Heres an infographic that will help you to memorize the key points better: Key Items for a College Student Grocery List Next time when you go to the grocery shop, dont forget to add the items youll see below. Fruits and vegetables  - All fruits and vegetables in general can contribute positively to your diet, but some even more than others. Blueberries have been touted as â€Å"brain food† for more than a decade now because of their high levels of vitamin C, vitamin K and gallic acid which promote healthy brain function. Avocado is high in vitamin K and folate which help improve cognitive function. They’re also high in vitamin B and vitamin C, high in protein and low in sugar. Beets enhance blood follow to the brain, which helps improve mental performance. Broccoli contains high levels of vitamin K and choline, which help improve memory. Leafy greens such as spinach, kale, Swiss chard and romaine lettuce are rich in vitamin A and vitamin K which benefit brain function. Lean proteins - Red meat can have its place on a college student grocery list, but most of your protein should be coming from leaner meats such as fresh fish or chicken. Red meat can be consumed on occasion, but not every day as it’s difficult to digest and the fat in red meat can put a strain on the heart and arteries. Lean proteins that digest more easily free up the body’s energy to focus on other things, like studying! Fresh juices - While fresh fruits and vegetables are great, fresh juices should also have a place on your college grocery list. Because juices don’t include the fibrous material that a piece of fruit or vegetable have, the body is able to absorb their nutrients more directly. When you need a mental boost, skip the coffee and have a ginger carrot juice or blueberry banana juice to increase mental function and energy levels without having to deal with the caffeine highs and subsequent crashes. Water - Water should be at the top of a grocery list for college students, actually. It’s essential for proper brain function and dehydration actually has some dire effects on the body, including bloating and weight gain as well as on the brain. Did you know that dehydration can significantly lower your memory and cognitive skills? The golden rule when it comes to water is 88 (eight glasses of eight ounces of water) per day. This should be taken in throughout the day, not all in one go, in order for the body to be able to absorb the water and process it. So make sure you add water to your list when heading out to the store. Healthy dorm snacks - Make sure you keep healthy snacks on hand. Otherwise you’ll be tempted to load up on unhealthy snacks when you’re in a pinch. Whole gain cereal bars, unsalted trail mix and dark chocolate all make for great snacks when you need something to munch on between meals. Tea  - Many teas have excellent properties that promote health, including brain function. Green tea, famous for its antioxidant properties, also contains caffeine which can help keep you alert during morning classes. Chamomile tea can help calm you and make sure you get a good night’s sleep which is important for overall health and a necessity for proper brain function so make sure you put it on your college student grocery list. In addition to avoiding the freshman 15, this college student grocery list can help you maintain proper brain function and energy levels to help you excel this semester.

The role of the Federal Government in Education Essay - 1

The role of the Federal Government in Education - Essay Example ESEA 1965 became part of a long history of over forty federal acts related to education through to the present (Kimmelman, 2006). While all of these acts were designed to improve the delivery of education, to ensure equitable educational opportunities and standardization, the more recent of them (No Child Left Behind) have aroused controversy. In essence, NCLB, among others, has been interpreted as federal intervention in state affairs. As this brief reflection will argue, however, the said intervention has the potential to be highly constructive insofar as it centralises the accountability factor. One of the fundamental roles of government is to provide for its citizenry, so that its citizens can provide for themselves and their families without being subsidized and risk becoming socially undesirable adults. In schools, principals and guidance counsellors tend to refer to this missive as preparing students, to become productive members of society. This focus continues to spawn various enactments of laws (Sunderman et al., 2005; Kimmelman, 2006). The Improving Americas Schools Act of 1994 (IASA) which reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) had a renewed focus which was supposed to change the delivery of education, encourage comprehensive school reform, upgrade instructional and professional development and promote accountability and coordinate resources to improve education to all children was not successful. Eight years after its reauthorization, on January 8, 2002, President George W. Bush, signed into law the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). This new law effectuates the Reauthorization of ESEA 1965 with a lifespan of six years. The federal government has now given states another six years to fix the damaged public school education system (Sunderman et al., 2005). As evidenced from the preceding, the primary focus of the described Acts is testing results. As Hess (2007) explains, NCLB emphasises the

Nike SWOT Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Nike SWOT Analysis - Essay Example Introduction and Market Overview The global financial meltdown of 2008 has negatively affected retail business because it reduced the purchasing power of consumers and destroyed consumer confidence (Finch & Wood, 2009). Businesses have shrunk drastically all over the world due to the integration of global financial markets. Firms are finding it difficult to sell their products to consumers in these tough times. Even big names like Nike are worried about their sales and purchasing power of their clientele, although it did well as compared to others in the recession. The company was founded back in 1964 and since then it has grown tremendously. The company is the leading seller of athletic shoes and apparel in the world (Sage, 2008). In 2010 the company reported a profit of $1.9 billion and an operating income of $2.5 billion, but revenues have fallen to $19 billion (Nike Annual Report, 2010). This is a point of concern for the company because it means that sales are declining due to some reasons. Fall in sales can be because of the tough economic conditions of European and American markets. This downward trend can cause many problems for the company in future because competitors can take market share from the company. The main competitors of the company are Rebook, Puma, and Addidas. Nike sells sports equipment, apparel and footwear. The company alongside with its competitors uses celebrity endorsement and other marketing strategies to attract customers. The client base of Nike and all its competitors are more or less similar. Nike targets young people who are interested in sports. Competitors of Nike are also targeting the same population set. This is why marketing is used as a tool for differentiation by companies in the industry. The vision of the company is to produce equipment for athletes therefore aims of the marketing plan will compliment the overall strategy of the company. The aim of Nike should be to improve its sales in the next year by attracting more and more customers. Improvement of sales by 20 percent is the objective of the firm. The focus of the company will also be on the developing countries as it will attempt to position itself as a premium brand in the developing world. In t his report we will design a marketing plan for Nike so that the above mentioned aims and objectives can be achieved. We will conduct a SWOT analysis for the company and will also include marketing objectives and market segment in the plan. We will also elaborate how the plan will complement the overall strategic objectives of the company. Risk issues within the marketing plan will also be discussed alongside with the mitigations strategies. SWOT Analysis Strengths Nike is the number one footwear brand of the world therefore it enjoys a strong position in the market. The company use marketing constantly to remain the market leader

Oil Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Oil - Coursework Example The second step of petroleum formation is known as the Catagenesis. In this step the kerogen formed in the first step is kerogen is exposed to increasing temperatures and pressures, and is broken down thermally to form hydrocarbons (petroleum) (White, 2006). It is important note that even though both petroleum and coal are fossil fuels and are nonrenewable, the raw materials and their formation processes are quite different (White, 2006). While petroleum is formed from algae and zooplanktons, coal is formed from higher terrestrial plants (these plants are rich in lignin and cellulose) (White, 2006). Petroleum is normally found within the reservoir. For a reservoir to hold recoverable oil it must be porous and permeable, while at the same the reservoir must have seal or trap to prevent the accumulated oil from escaping (White, 2006). During extraction a well is normally drilled through the reservoir. Oil the flows from the reservoir to the drilled well from where it flows to surface under the influence of natural underground pressure. When the pressure is so low that the oil cannot flow to surface or the oil so thick that it cannot flow, natural gas or hot water may be pumped into the well to enhance flow (White, 2006). Extraction of oil is normally associated with several cases of environmental degradation such as oil spills, and waste chemical run-offs oil producing companies among others (Moss, 2010). These cases of environmental degradation as a result of oil production have reported in Nigeria, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Columbia and Ecuador among others (Moss, 2010). For example, oil extraction companies have brought down trees in the rain forest of Ecuador (Moss, 2010). It is estimated that these trees are being brought down at a rate of about 340,000 hectares per year (Moss, 2010). Energy is mainly produced from petroleum through combustion. Oil may combusted to heat

Discovery of Backchannel Responses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discovery of Backchannel Responses - Essay Example You can refer to it further in Eli Hinkel’s study. The reference to Schegloff is for year (1982) and you can use the following reference – Schegloff, E. (1982) Discourse as an interactional achievement: some uses of ‘uh huh’ and other things that come between sentences. In: Tannen, D. eds. (1982) Analyzing Discourse: Text and Talk (Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics). 1st ed. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, p.71-93. Pragmalinguistics refers to the resources for conveying communicative acts and relational or interpersonal meanings. The word is not a mistake and has been used here intentionally. You can refer to it further in Eli Hinkel’s study: "where backchannel responses have found new meaning in social media like Facebook, Twitter and the like. Here they shape interpretation of conversations and convey pleasure, happiness, approval, censure and condemnation, through its various usage†

EBay in Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

EBay in Asia - Essay Example 22). EBay has been trying to make its way into the Asian markets. It has been noticed that the American companies have had to face some problems in making their ways into the Asian markets. However, Starbucks has been successfully working in Asian markets since many years. Cultures have an influence over the markets thus making them cultural markets and these are the main factors that are to be understood. EBay has been a failure in understanding the culture of Asian markets (Lovelock and Wirtz, 2005, p. 23). Gunaxi is the term that American companies should be familiar with. This explains the basic nature of dynamics involved in the personal network of influence and this concept runs in the Chinese society. This explains the dealing between two people in which one of the persons performs an act of service. EBay has failed to learn the fact that the Chinese, after the Africans, are corrupt people and bribery is a common factor in the Chinese society. To excel in the Chinese society, EBay has failed to make notice of the ways in which Chinese people could be handled so as to make ways in the markets. EBay had to make sure that right officials were bribed so as to make way into the markets (The University of California, 2006, p. 33). Marketing is an integrated communication based process wherein it is understood that the needs of the customers can be satisfied through proper communication. Marketing orientations play an important role in the marketing strategy. The product orientation is where the firm is concerned with the quality of the product. The sales orientation, customer orientation, production, marketing and organizational orientations are the main orientations that firms have to keep in mind. For proper marketing the four Ps are known to the marketing world. The four Ps are necessary to understand the basic requirements for international marketing. The four Ps are inclusive of the Product deals with specification related to the products as well as the needs of the customer. Pricing includes the prices as well as the discounts being offered on the products. Placement or distribution refers to the ways in which a product reaches the customer. Promotion is the way in which a product is marketed in the market so as to attract customers. These are the four main points that EBay has to keep in mind when reaching out to the international markets (Freeman and Bartels, 2004, p. 33). These are the four points which make up the marketing mix for any organization. Apart from these four points the other issues that should be kept in mind while reaching out to the international markets are the cultural differences with the other countries. These are the main errors that have been committed by EBay when making their ways into the international markets, especially Asian markets. In addition to this the expansion and entry into foreign markets can be achieved successfully by following the four mechanisms. Exporting is the mechanism by which an international market can be reached in a proper manner by selling the product in a foreign market. The property of the licensor for product production can be used by the mechanism of

Assessment, Management and Reduction of Falls in the Older person Essay

Assessment, Management and Reduction of Falls in the Older person - Essay Example This concept indicates a factual phenomenon that the life span of people aged 60 and above has steadily increased in the past half century. There are over 600 million in 2000; 1.2 billion in 2025 and 2 billion in 2050 (WHO). This phenomenon has created a huge sector in the society, which is comprised by people from age 60 and above. The occurrence of this size of a population of people who are 60 and above is unheard of, throughout recorded history because certain conditions meant that people normally and generally lived only until an average of thirty-five. However, with the advancement of medical technology the increasing number of people who survive to above 60 years old is a commonality (WHO 1999). Moreover, the ageing population phenomenon is a global concern (WHO). This means that almost all countries across the globe except for some countries in Africa are experiencing the dramatic increased of an ageing population (WHO). In this regard, looking into the conditions and concerns of the elderly members of the society has become one of the major interests of both the government, especially policy makers, and some non-governmental organizations (WHO). As governments respond to the phenomenon of ageing population, one concern that has become dominant in their sector is the problem of the results of a fall. This is due to the fact that one of the major causes for morbidity within the elderly population is a fall. Every year, oe third of those over the age of 65 experience a fall with an increase in incidences occurring with the increase in age. More than 50% of women who are over the age of 85 experience a fall within a year. (Pearse 2004: 478). Furthermore, injuries resulting into fall are not only a major cause of death among the elderly but that it â€Å"imposes an enormous public health burden world-wide† (Devroey et al 2002: 113). As well, the issues with falls is a concern where costs of the results of the fall impact the health care

EBay in Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

EBay in Asia - Essay Example 22). EBay has been trying to make its way into the Asian markets. It has been noticed that the American companies have had to face some problems in making their ways into the Asian markets. However, Starbucks has been successfully working in Asian markets since many years. Cultures have an influence over the markets thus making them cultural markets and these are the main factors that are to be understood. EBay has been a failure in understanding the culture of Asian markets (Lovelock and Wirtz, 2005, p. 23). Gunaxi is the term that American companies should be familiar with. This explains the basic nature of dynamics involved in the personal network of influence and this concept runs in the Chinese society. This explains the dealing between two people in which one of the persons performs an act of service. EBay has failed to learn the fact that the Chinese, after the Africans, are corrupt people and bribery is a common factor in the Chinese society. To excel in the Chinese society, EBay has failed to make notice of the ways in which Chinese people could be handled so as to make ways in the markets. EBay had to make sure that right officials were bribed so as to make way into the markets (The University of California, 2006, p. 33). Marketing is an integrated communication based process wherein it is understood that the needs of the customers can be satisfied through proper communication. Marketing orientations play an important role in the marketing strategy. The product orientation is where the firm is concerned with the quality of the product. The sales orientation, customer orientation, production, marketing and organizational orientations are the main orientations that firms have to keep in mind. For proper marketing the four Ps are known to the marketing world. The four Ps are necessary to understand the basic requirements for international marketing. The four Ps are inclusive of the Product deals with specification related to the products as well as the needs of the customer. Pricing includes the prices as well as the discounts being offered on the products. Placement or distribution refers to the ways in which a product reaches the customer. Promotion is the way in which a product is marketed in the market so as to attract customers. These are the four main points that EBay has to keep in mind when reaching out to the international markets (Freeman and Bartels, 2004, p. 33). These are the four points which make up the marketing mix for any organization. Apart from these four points the other issues that should be kept in mind while reaching out to the international markets are the cultural differences with the other countries. These are the main errors that have been committed by EBay when making their ways into the international markets, especially Asian markets. In addition to this the expansion and entry into foreign markets can be achieved successfully by following the four mechanisms. Exporting is the mechanism by which an international market can be reached in a proper manner by selling the product in a foreign market. The property of the licensor for product production can be used by the mechanism of

Review of evidence assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Review of evidence assignment - Essay Example A thorough literature review provides a foundation on which to base new knowledge. For a clinical problem, such as OA, it would likely also be necessary to learn as much as possible about the â€Å"status quo† of current procedures relating to the topic, and to review existing practice guidelines or protocols. Normally, researchers have their research critiqued by peers, consultants, or other reviewers to obtain substantive, clinical, or methodological feedback before implementing the plan (Cormack, 2000, 82-85). Moreover, an integrated and critical review of existing research and theory relevant to the topic should provide a solid rationale and evidence in favour of or against contemporary concepts, practice, or guidelines. The ultimate objective of any research is to undertake a systemic search and collection of data and to analyse and interpret them in order to verify or testify existing knowledge (Clarke, 2004, 100-102). Broadly these data can be classified into two variet ies, numerical and descriptive. Depending on the intended type of data, usually a research is designed into different types, and varieties of information may be revealed. However, irrespective of the type of methodology, critical and systemic review of research can serve two purposes. In that sense, critical reviews are both scientific research and the application of common sense. They serve to identify studies relevant to a particular question, to appraise and assess the eligibility of these studies, and to summarise them, using statistical techniques to combine their results, if feasible and appropriate (Chinnock, Siegfried & Clarke, 2005, 367-369). Research methods are techniques used by researchers to structure a study through which information is gathered and analysed to answer the research question. The two alternative paradigms have strong implications for the research

Output Device Essay Example for Free

Output Device Essay What are OUTPUT DEVICES? Output devices are hardware devices that display or present information to the user or other people. The monitor, printer and the speaker are one of the examples. PRINTER It is a computer device that produces a permanent copy on paper of information from the computer. There are several kinds of printers: ink jet, dot-matrix and laser jet printers. DOT MATRIX PRINTER Prints by hammering or striking an ink-soaked cloth ribbon against a paper. The advantage of this kind of printer is that it can easily create carbon copies because of the impact action of the printing process. The cost per page of printing is relatively cheap. INK JET PRINTER The ink comes form a cartridge of liquid ink and this printer is simply black and white or in full color. LASER JET PRINTER It produces high quality prints or graphics on paper. Color and black and white printing is available. It is based on the principle of electrostatic printing and photography wherein the source of ink is a toner. PLOTTER It comes in 2 types: pen plotter and electrostatic. Pen plotter is a vector graphics printing device which operates by moving a pen over the surface of paper. It is usually used for large printing requirements of CAD drawings of houses, buildings, cars, airplanes and others. It is also used for vinyl and plastic used for billions and posters. THERMAL PRINTERS Produce prints on thermal paper by selective heating wherein heated areas turn black creating an image. It is mostly used in groceries and department stores. They print faster and quieter than dot matrix. HEADPHONE It is a small speaker with a way to hold them close to the ears of the user. The headphone allows the user to listen music and sounds all alone. DATA PROJECTOR It displays computer information on big screen so that many will able to see the show.

The Caracter of Meursault in The Stranger (The Outsider) Essay

The Caracter of Meursault in The Stranger      Ã‚   Albert Camus' The Stranger is a startling novel at worst and a haunting classic at best. Camus presents a thrilling story of a man devoid of emotion, even regarding the most sensitive, personal matters. The main character, Meursault shows no feelings after the death of his mother, during his romantic relationship with Marie, or during his trial for the murder of an Arab. Meursault never shows feelings of love, regret, remorse, or sadness. It takes a great amount of skill to portray such a seemingly inhuman character as someone who is complex and multi-faceted like Meursault is.    Camus shows a definite sense of audience in this book. His language and phrasing shows that he has aimed the book towards an older crowd, one that would understand the message he wants to portray. Even when the language is written in a simple tone, it still seems aimed at an older audience:    Fumbling a little with my words and realizing how ridiculous I sounded, I blurted out that it was because of the sun. People laughed. My lawyer threw up his hands, and immediately after that he was given the floor (103).    The subject matter itself is certainly aimed towards an adult audience. Some topics include sex, murder, death of a family member, and domestic abuse. Religion, or lack thereof, is a topic heavily discussed during Meursault's trial for murder. Meursault is a self-professed atheist, and there are numerous conversations between the main character and others he interacts with on this topic.    The author is an important part of The Stranger. Camus developed his theory of the absurd - the idea that life has no rational meaning - during World War II. ... ... Compare sentences from the first half of the novel to the second half:    "As soon as he saw me, he sat up a little and put his hand in his pocket" (58). "Especially when the emptiness of a man's heart becomes, as we find it has in this man, an abyss threatening to swallow up society" (101).    The first sentence has less detail and feeling to it; the second example seems to have more emotion and feeling in its structure    In conclusion, all of these elements help to make The Stranger a classic tale of murder and the absurd. Camus' treatment of Meursault's tormented world, where everything makes sense to only him is an ingenious way of looking at the sheer monotony and almost redundant tendencies of life in general.       Work Cited: Camus, Albert. The Stranger, trans. Mathew Ward. New York: Random House, Inc., 1988.

Black Feminists Debate :: essays research papers

Black Feminists Debate Whiteness Stephanie Philipovich & Angela Torchia Passage #1: "Here is the house. It is green and white. It has a red door. It is very pretty. Here is the family. Mother, Father, Dick, and Jane live in the green-and-white house. They are very happy. See Jane. She has a red dress. She wants to play."(Morris, pg. 7) Passage #2: here is teh hous it is green and white it has a red door it is very prety hrere is the family mother father dick andjane live in the green and white hous they's are very happy see jane she gots a red dress she wants too play. (Both passages based on the passages found in the opening of The Bluest Eye.) Passage taken from I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings Maya Angelou "After we left Mr. Willie Williams' Do Drop Inn, the last stop before whitefolksville, we had to cross the pond and adventure the railroad tracks. We were explorers walking without weapons into man-eating animals' territory. In Stamps the segregation was so complete that most Black children didn't really, absolutely know what whites looked like. Other than that they were different, to be dreaded, and in that dread was included the hostility of the powerless against the powerful, the poor against the rich, the worker against the worked for the ragged against the well dressed. I remember never believing that whites were really real†¦ Whitefolks couldn't be people because their feet were too small, their skin too white and see-throughy, and they didn't walk on the balls of their feet the way people did- they walked on their heels like horses. People were those who lived on my side of town.

The Japanese Quince

Japanese Quince† is a story that describe around a part of Mr†¦ Nelson's life. It starts out with Mr†¦ Nilsson being drawn outside where he finds himself standing in front of a Japanese quince tree. Before he can feel the special of the tree, he finds that his neighbor is also outside and eventually Mr†¦ Nilsson walks back inside to continue his boring day. The simple event lead the story into a deeper administrative level.John Goalmouths, the author, uses symbolism within his short story to create a deeper meaning within: when given an opportunity to change their lives, some people are hesitated to be consciously. However, subconscious factors may influence their behaviors in ways that can impact their lives in many ways which they did not anticipate. Throughout this tale, John Goalmouths uses some symbolism. The story begins with Mr†¦ Nilsson reading his paper when he feels a sharp pain near his fifth rib, Just above his heart. He takes deep breaths to try and reduce the pain, but it only makes it worse. He tries to figure out the cause of the pain.Deep In thought, Mr†¦ Nilsson becomes distracted by a pleasant â€Å"fragrance† from the quince tree In the nearby park. He forgets about his pain and enjoys the distraction of the tree. This ailment symbolizes the void that he feels, Mr†¦ Nilsson does not know what It Is and tries to figure it out, but in the end he never finds it. The smell of nature, to be more specific, the Japanese Quince tree's smell, that represents life itself. This symbolizes the piece that he is missing, seen when he does not feel the pain In his chest anymore. Mr†¦ Nilsson feels content with It and feels special that he had been able to witness of such a beautiful sight.John Goalmouths uses this scene to symbolize the discovery of a lost piece. The â€Å"Japanese Quince† Is a short tale that John Goalmouths wrote using symbolism to create a centric theme. The protagonist of the story finds that he Is presented two paths at the one that blocks his way Is himself; he must chose which path he will take. In the end of the story, he decides that It Is not worth stepping over himself to change his life and he reverse. Through this, John Goalmouths Is showing that the mall character was hesitated to change his life and his subconscious Influences him to would walk away from the opportunity.

Business ethic reflective essay Essay

It was probably in 2010, I was an agent in an assurance company. My duties was managing and servicing our organization’s existing corporate client portfolio that has been assigned to me. One of our company product called Saving Plan what pay an amount of money monthly or yearly up to 6 years, the annual will received 6% interest and consumer can take their money back after they complete the 6 years payment. As we know, every product might have some weaknesses while it benefits us. It is commonly that company or sales man will try to minimize the weakness of product while they promote it. But what I did wrong was that I did never mention the product weakness to customer that they will only get the best return (interest) after 25 years when they completed payment for 6 years saving plan, what I thought the saving plan as a force to consumer get use to save money and whoever buy the saving plan they will always get their money back at the end if they complete the payment. My conc ern was close cases at that time. In fact, It was kind of ethic problem when I promoted products but did not let customers understand all about it. Once I heard complain from customer I felt so guilty of myself that I had hidden from my customers. I felt shame to face my customer. I felt that was unfair to my customers and I used customer’s belief to gain my own profit. I thought it will not have any lose for my customers even I did not tell the limitation of the product cause after customer complete the saving plan, they could take their money back at anytime, but customers will only get their return of this investment after 25 years when policy mature. As it tend to depend on the economy, the saving plan may not make profit for customers. This lesson has taught me how to be an ethic person. We could put ourselves as consumers that we will always wish to know the truth and we have the right. I will never do this again in my life, trust is very important and to build a trust will always get back our customers. I would like to explain and analysis all to my customer. I wish I can be a ethic person wherever I am and whatever I do.

Chest Pain Care Plan

Acute chest pain related to ischemic cardiomyopathy as evidenced by tightness in chest. Patient will be chest pain free for duration of shift.Assess for chest pain q 4 hours during shift.Monitor vital signs q 4 hours during shift.Educate patient on importance of lifestyle modifications such as weight loss.Goal was met. Pt was chest pain free during shift.NURSING DIAGNOSIS OUTCOME/GOALS INTERVENTIONS EVALUATIONExcess fluid volume related to CHF as evidenced by patient weight gain of 2kg since hospitalization and +2 edema in lower extremities.Pt maintains adequate fluid volume and electrolyte balance as evidenced by vital signs within normal limits, and clear lung sounds throughout shift. Assess for crackles in lungs, changes in respiratory pattern, shortness in breath and orthopnea.Monitor weight daily and consistently with the same scale, at the same time of day, wearing the same amount of clothing.Educate pt on signs and symptoms of fluid volume excess, and symptoms to report.Goal w as met. Pt had normal vital signs and clear lung sounds throughout shift.NURSING DIAGNOSIS OUTCOME/GOALS INTERVENTIONS EVALUATIONRisk for ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion to right leg related to catheterization procedure as evidenced by interruption of arterial flow.Pt maintains tissue perfusion in right leg as evidenced by baseline pulse quality and warm extremity throughout shift. Assess right leg for pulse, skin color, temperature and sensation.Monitor cannulation site for swelling, bruits and hematoma.Educate patient on signs of reduced tissue perfusion and to report these signs. Goal was met. Pt’s right leg maintained tissue perfusion as evidenced by pulse quality and warm extremity throughout shift.NURSING DIAGNOSIS OUTCOME/GOALS INTERVENTIONS EVALUATIONRisk for anxiety related to impending heart surgery as evidenced by poor eye contact and lack of questioning.Patient is able to verbalize signs of anxiety by end of shift. Assess patient’s level of anxiety. Encourage patient to talk about anxious feelings.Assist the patient in recognizing symptoms of increasing anxiety and methods to cope with it.Goal was met. Patient verbalized the signs of anxiety by end of shift.

George Orwell's 1984 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

George Orwell's 1984 - Research Paper Example People are not allowed to speak freely—in the press or otherwise—because they are afraid of retribution. This is in direct contrast to the United States, where freedom of speech is built into the First Amendment of the Constitution, the founding document upon which U.S. ideals are based. Totalitarian governments don’t want people to think, live, or do anything without the government’s approval. For example, Communist China only allows one child per family. So, even the means of reproduction is controlled in that country, simply because it gives the government power over even peoples’ private sex lives. Not only this, but the government can claim that it is instituting such a law to have one child per family due to â€Å"the ecology† or some other such reason. This is not the true reason why leaders do not want the Chinese people empowered by having many children. China thinks that by controlling the fact that even these poor citizens of their own country cannot have intimate relations without worrying that the government might execute their child—puts them in a state of continual fear. This persistent fear that people would wake up to also include the fear that someone is watching them all the time who may have a higher place in the government than is originally known. That happens a lot in 1984. People are not whom they seem, and there are several shifting sands in this book, leading one to believe that one cannot always blindly accept the simple platitudes of what appears to be reality. Not only this, but Orwell warned against the dangers of giving leaders totalitarian power. One of the ways that this was achieved was that the so-called ‘winners’ in history would completely and most convincingly erase history. They would do this by incinerating any documents that would show proof of any kind of wrongdoing by the government. Thus, the government’s actions could only be analyzed through the na rrow view it had of itself—which was that it was basically a perfect entity, at least, according to its own records. This is the position in which poor Winston Smith finds himself. He works for the Ministry of Truth (Minitrue), and finds himself having the task of ‘revising’ history. What is interesting is that Winston starts realizing, as an Outer Party flunky, that the Inner Party is using him as a tool to help manipulate information control so that the top 2% can remain at the top. This reflects something similar which is going on at the Occupy Wall Street protests all over the globe and in riots in the UK, Africa, and the Middle East—people are realizing that their power comes from taking back their history, and seeing history as it really is and was as opposed to how it might be or should have been. This leads us to our next topic, which has to do with historical revisionism and its evils. III. The Deliberate Distortion of History The deliberate disto rtion of history is what Winston was in charge of doing. The novel 1984 depicts how detrimental history can be when it is written through the lens of the people who were on the winning side of

Media and Violence in the USA Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Media and Violence in the USA - Assignment Example This statistics is frightening; why there is so much violence in the United States and what can be done to reduce it, is a question that has puzzled governments, psychologists and social scientists. US Department of Justice figures showed that 2.8 million children (under 18) were arrested in 1997, nearly 2500 juveniles were arrested for murder, and 121000 were arrested for other violent crimes [Cantor, 2000]. Psychologists believe that seeds for attitude towards violence are sown early in life. This has resulted in many studies on the impact of TV, video, video games, and other media accessible to children at home. [Eron, 1963] and [Eron & Huesman, 1986] Huesman of University of Michigan carried out a long term study of the viewing habits of a group of children for decades, They astonishingly claimed that watching violence on television was an even more powerful factor in promoting violence than poverty, race, or parental behavior. This 1960 study followed up 11 and 22 years later and claims to show that the aggressive eight-year-olds of 1960 grew up to become even more aggressive 19- and 30-year-olds, with greater troubles-including domestic violence than their less aggressive counterparts who did not watch as much television [Eron & Huesman, 1986]. Eron & Huesman list dozens of other studies in support of their arguments that Violence on Media is harmful to children and eventually to society. [Senate Committee, 1999] reported that more than 1,000 studies on the effects of television and film violence have been done during the past 40 years. American Medical Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and the National Institute of Mental Health have separately reviewed many of these studies and all of these bodies conclude television violence leads to real-world violence.

California State and Local Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

California State and Local Government - Essay Example It also does the establishment of mandatory funding levels (Patterson 26). The funding restoration order to some agencies and programs is done by the California Supreme Court. Legislatively, the government of California is made up of the Assembly minority, the governor, the Senate president pro tempore, the Assembly speaker and Senate minority leader. Legislative campaign funds are controlled by the California legislature. Therefore, they have a say in influencing in their caucus votes in the Big Five meetings (Patterson 19).   Currently, California uses the plurality voting system in its elections. In certain cases, municipalities such as Berkeley and San Francisco use a system of preferential voting or ranking choice voting. The Democratic Party and Republic Party are the major political parties in the U.S congress and state legislature representation (Patterson (21). Others include Peace and Freedom Party, American Independent Party, Libertarian Party and Green Party. The court of appeal of U.S` decision may be reviewed by the U. S Supreme Court when asked by a Party in Judicial Branch of California. In Federal Government Judicial Branch, the case is heard by the highest state court when asked by the parties. In the Judicial Branch of California, the judicial power is invested by the constitution article 111. The state courts are established by the laws and constitution in the federal government (Patterson 34). There have been conflicts between the local government and the state of California fiscally for the three decades ago. This arises when the local revenue gives much control of the state government and also state and local spending and taxing limitation (Patterson 27). Therefore, the California government needs to stop fighting because of fiscal resources and focus on the main problems that plague the state to resolve budget

Write a report on the article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Write a report on the article - Essay Example To provide a context for the case described in the article, there has been an exponential growth in the number of e-learning programs offered by universities around the world. Hence, it becomes imperative to erect suitable measures to prevent these systems from going down. There is a need to ensure that e-learning systems that are the backbone of many of the courses offered by these universities are robust and can withstand the onslaught of cyber warriors who delight in hacking into these systems and bringing them down. The case described in the article is about how the e-learning system that went down was a result of poor maintenance and inadequate measures taken by the administrators responsible for maintaining the system. As the authors point out, there were several lapses in the way in which the system was maintained and run by the IT department of KU. Some of them include, not taking backups regularly, improper use of the C drive and no structured effort to maintain user accounts and delete them after the students have left the university. These and other errors led to the system crashing and threatening the conduct of the e-learning course in the university. What is galling is the fact that there was a lackadaisical approach to the whole issue of maintaining the system from failure. This is something that the management of KU ought to take seriously and ensure that such haphazard methods of maintaining the system are avoided. This case holds lots of lessons for the system administrators of all kinds of IT systems and in particular, those of the e-learning modules that are very popular in the education sector. The fact that downtime in a system threatens the conduct of the entire course and leaves the fate of the students in the balance should be a wakeup call to all those who are in-charge of maintaining the system. The article is an important

The Indian Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Indian Economy - Essay Example This rising working age means more workers in the future. More workers are important, because of the concern about demand increasing over supply. The Economist reports â€Å"that demand is outpacing supply and hence the pace of growth is unsustainable.† A greater number of workers could increase production, raising the supply, to meet the demand. More workers are also important, because the number creates more consumers. This makes the demand higher, but the supply raises as well. This circle makes an economy more stable, than just the demand rising with no increase in supply. However, if just the demand was rising and not the supply, inflation and depression follow. Workers and consumers are good for an economy. The one thing that more workers will need is education. Job training should be put into place by the government. New industries, especially computer related, should be taught in vocational schools. This would help the new workers coming of age to find jobs. It would not matter how old a worker, if they had no skills. The Economist states â€Å"60% of Indias labour force is engaged in low productivity farming.† These farmers will need skills to gain production jobs within urban areas. India government reforms have made the economy grow. The trade friendly reforms have created an import/export business that is lucrative. It is also easier for foreign investment, although this has not been as widespread as hoped. Lower oil prices make the economy better. Government regulation on employees in the workplace have made for happier workers. All of these reforms are good, but more need to take effect. Indias government has ambitious plans to increase total infrastructure spending to 8% of GDP over the next five years. This will involve some increase in government spending, but the idea is for the bulk of it to be financed by public-private partnerships. Although this is a good start, but the infrastructure is in poor shaped. More

Presences of Others Essay Example for Free

Presences of Others Essay It is shown that people have the tendency to perform better when in a group this is called social facilitation. There have been other studies done contradicting this and with more difficult experiments it actually hurts a person’s performance in a group. As Zajonc stated; a state of arousal is linked to performance without the presence of others. When an individuals is faced with a more difficult task it may lower that persons self esteem and then lead to that person not performing at his or her best. Most people are afraid of being judged and this will affect all of our normal everyday behaviors due to a low self esteem issues. Now with simple tasks a person’s performance can be a positive and a stimulating experience allowing a person to perform better and set higher goals for themselves and have higher self esteem. I am a person who can identify with these, in starting school a few years back I was very intimidated and self conscious about being in a class room with people I did not know. I watched everything I said or did and did not want to even raise my hand because I did not want to be embarrassed if I answered incorrectly or sounded stupid. At first in my class I did not perform very well with the group, but as I got to know everyone my positivity started coming out and I was able to benefit with being in a group and excelled. The article I read in the Journal of Social Psychology was about a widely accepted finding that in social psychology, that the mere presence of others reduces anxiety. Based on Wrightsman’s widely accepted findings, that his study which he originally demonstrated that the reduction of anxiety is less in the presence of others (at least firstborns). Though Epley raised some questions on the methodology of Wrightsman’s study and about the real reason there was an anxiety reduction, Epley stated that it was probably due to the distractions or social comparison and not just the  presence of others. I believe that depending on the situation the group may be in. I also found that also it depends on the situation and task at hand that a group is in and if the conditions are peaceful or hectic. The next article I read stated that the presence and type of situation and the connection between the two with the presence of an audience and how they react to the performance. Partic ipants were performing various tasks both in group settings and alone. In group settings word association was better performed compared to problem solving tasks which were more successful while performed alone. It all depends on the task at hand and in what situation the task is being performed in and under what conditions. Reference Journal of Social Psychology. Aug1978, Vol. 105 Issue 2, p301. 2p.

Definition Of Physical Fitness Physical Education Essay

Definition Of Physical Fitness Physical Education Essay Health related physical fitness can be defines a set of measurement of physiological characteristic and physical level that associate with premature of non-communicable disease that is associates with sedentary life behavior (Vanhees et al. 2005). There are two component of physical fitness which is, health related fitness and skill related fitness. Health related fitness is composed by aerobic fitness, muscle strength and endurance, flexibility and body composition (Huang, 2002), while skill related fitness associate with agility, balance, power, static strength and coordination (Miller et al. 2008).Even thought skill related fitness is not importance as health related fitness but skill related fitness is importance to athlete and military. Physical fitness are influence by many factor such as, age, gender, body mass index or body type and as well as level of physical activity, therefore each individual need to maintained physical fitness level in order to cope with daily activity a nd stay healthy. According to Chung (2008), physical fitness level of school children are being influence by physical education and physical activity. Each individual need to retain at least basic physical fitness prior to sense the benefit of adequate fitness. Recently research has showed that more children are getting fat and less fit and more prone to expose to chronic diseases. It is importance to keep in mind that maintaining physical fit in early age can contribute to decreases risk mortality and morbidity from chronic diseases (Malton, 2006). Non communicable diseases (NCDs) such as, overweight, obese, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and related condition are the major health burden to this country (Zainal Ariffn, 2012). Alarmingly, a non-communicable disease in Malaysia, prevalent among children has increase rapidly past few decades (NMM, 2012) and it will continue to be rising (Tee, 2012). One of the major causes lead to this rising is, sedentary life behavior that lead to low physical fitness (Mokdad et al. 2004). The studies on health related fitness on non-communicable diseases has been reported widely in all age (Jonker et al. 2006). Numerous healthy benefit can be achieve through engagement of regular and vigorous level exercise that lead to increase physical fitness (Ruiz et al. 2006). There are a lot of studies that has been done, mainly focusing in growing concern on physical fitness component among children in determining harmful effect of unfitness that can lead to adulthood (Dumith et al. 2008). Most of physical fitness that has been diagnosed showed that poor physical fitness level lead to potential strategy in early detecting metabolic disorder (Anderson et al. 2009). Despite of growing concern and its importance to physical health in life, in Malaysia physical fitness study on children is still no well established. According to (Shabeshan, 2006) the prevalence of level physical fitness among school children is not very satisfactory. Furthermore, there a lot of variable associates with physical fitness level, such as cardiovascular, muscular strength/resistance and flexibility. Other association variable, that may contribute in identify factor predicted for fitness level are such anthropometric measurements, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) that associate with muscular strength or resistance (Brunet et al. 2007), and cardiorespiratory fitness (Eisenmann, et al. 2005). 1.2 Problem Statement Low physical fitness among school-going children may decline physiological capability. According to Rowland (1999) deterioration of physiological capability is due to low physical fitness that will lead to decreases in physical function and muscle strength. Furthermore, there was a lack data have been reported on physical fitness level among school-going children, taken into consideration that physical fitness testing, anthropometric and body composition measurement assessment are foundation steps for changing intervention life style or sedentary behavior, this present study is carried out to investigate the association between health related physical fitness with anthropometric indicator and body composition in primary school children in Beruas, Perak. 1.3 Significance of Study It is a well know that there are association between health related fitness with cardiovascular disease, overweight and obese among primary school children. This study will determined to what extend current growth of school growing children respected to their physical fitness. The data being obtained in this study will work as a platform for intervention on healthy life style and increase awareness among parent and teacher. This study is expected to provide a baseline data on physical fitness and other health parameters among school children. Furthermore, teacher, health department, and relevant agencies could develop program and help them making decision for obesity prevention among school children. Objective To determine the anthropometry of the primary school children. To determine body composition of the primary school children. To determine physical fitness level of the primary school children. To determine relationship between anthropometric measurement, body composition with health related physical fitness among school children. 1.5 Hypotheses Ho: there are no significant relationships between anthropometric measurements, body composition to health related physical fitness. Assumption Fitness test instruction were presented in this study to primary school children, therefore each participant understood the instruction. Each participant five full commitment to the fitness measurement. Each participant was involved are free from any injury Each participants guardian understood the research study and give permission to their children in taking part in this research by fill up the inform consent. Limitations The limitations of the study are stated below: Study population Participants were involved in this study came from rural area located in Beruas, Perak. This study not take participant from other area, thus limited geographical presented of the population. Limited time Participant has limited time because they need to participant in education class, thus the test has to be done in one day only. Instrument The skinfold measurement (harpenden) may not accurate as Dual Energy X-ray Absortiometry (DEXA), thus limited study finding. Operational Definition The studys operational definitions are as below: 1.8.4 Flexibility According to William et al. (2003) flexibility is ability of joint to move in full range of motion and allows freedom of movement around the joint. 1.8.5 Muscle strength Muscle strength refer as external forced (work express in newtons, kilograms or pounds) that can be generated by specific muscle or muscle size also been called resistance lift (William et al. 2003). 1.8.6 Body composition Body composition is a distribution of body fat to lean body mass (Pangrazi, 1991). 1.8.7 Obesity Obesity is known as a condition of excess body fat and it is associated with a large number of debilitating and life-threatening disorders, such as major increase in associated cardiovascular, metabolic and other no communicable diseases (Must et al., 1999). 1.8.8 Waist circumferences A waist circumference is measured using nan- elastic tape by placing on the trunk between iliac crest and lower costal margin (NCCFN, 2005). CHAPTER 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction Health can be described in variety approach the term itself can be used to describe how a persons feeling, shape or appearance and peoples fitness. However according WHO, (2003), the term health, is not simply the lack of disease or medical condition but it is a state of complete mental, physical, and social well-being or medical condition. Health related fitness is a sub scale of healthy well being the health related fitness major focusing in maintaining human bodys system to endure or to sustain human daily life activity, does not affect surplus fatigue, stress or illness by maintaining basic functioning of bodys system (Brunetto et al. 2009). Furthermore, as humans body can maintaining basic function of bodys system that focusing in health related fitness it can cause or reduce chronic disease such as non-communicable disease and help faster in recovery on what they should occur. According to Jonatan et al. (2006), in order to persuade the healthy development of bodys system, human need to create regular workload demand on their body such as regular exercise, so that humans body can adjusts to the demand workload to perform, and living an active lifestyle. However, if human live as sedentary behavior lifestyles their physical workload may reduce and doing beyond sitting or walking about may become a struggle, moreover body also not functioning effectively as a result may contribute to health conditions. 2.2 Definition of Physical fitness Physical fitness can be defines in many ways, according to Kamil et al. (2012), physical fitness being defines as competence to adjust and recovery from extraneous exercise. Furthermore, physical fitness being defined as a condition that granted human to carry their daily activity without fatigue and have enough energy to enjoy leisure activity (Malina et al. 2004). According to Miller (2006) physical fitness can ne defined in various point view such as, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength or muscular endurance. Other definition for physical fitness is when body function at optimum efficiency thought capacity of the heart, blood vessels, lungs and the muscle (Pate, 1993). All definition above has cover performance related fitness, but according to McGlynn, (1993) health relate fitness is focusing on protection against cardio disease, illness that associate with overweight, a diversity of joint and muscle problem and physiological complication that lead to further stress. Example of components of health related fitness is cardio respiratory endurance, flexibility, muscular strength and endurance and body composition. 2.3 Health related fitness 2.3.1 Cardiovascular fitness Cardiovascular fitness is closely related to ability exercise in prolonged period with involve large and dynamic muscle size and intensity of exercise from moderate to high capacity (ACSM, 2010). Performance of exercise is depending to efficiency of skeletal muscle system, cardiovascular and respiratory state. In order to improve cardiovascular fitness, body must receive sufficient oxygen supply to the working muscle and these will increase necessary enzymes activity for production energy in the working muscle. The general method in increasing or develop cardiorespiratory fitness is by increase intensity, duration and frequency of exercise (William et al. 2003). Example of general exercise for young children to achieve the fitness level is at least 130-150 beats per minutes maintain it for 20 to 30 minutes for optimal benefit. According to ACSM (2010), cardiovascular fitness is health related fitness because decreased in cardiovascular it has been connected with premature death associated to cardio disease. Second reduction of death from various causes has been associated with increased cardio fitness and lastly high physical activity level associated with high cardiovascular fitness in turn has many associations with health benefit. The cardiovascular fitness test is an importance assessment in preventive program 2.3.2 Flexibility According to William et al. (2003) flexibility is ability of joint to move in full range of motion and allows freedom of movement around the joint. In order to have a good health lifestyle, individual need some definite amount of flexibility to cope with their daily life routine. Muscle viscosity, adequate warming up and distensible joint capsule are importance or specific variable that affect flexibility of individual (ACSM, 2010). Furthermore, ligament and tendon also associated with flexibility. Stretching or 10 to 30 second and stretch beyond normal length have been recommended to increase the flexibility. Example of stretch being recommended is static trenching where it allows rapidly increased in strength reflex to a point of discomfort zone. 2.3.3 Muscle strength and muscle endurance Muscle strength refer as external forced (work express in newtons, kilograms or pounds) that can be generated by specific muscle or muscle size also been called resistance lift (William et al. 2003). According to ASCM (2010) strength can be test out using two ways the first method is using static, refer to no movement and muscular and limb movement. Second method is using dynamic refer as muscle change in length caused by external forced. Muscle endurance is ability of muscle group to repeatedly contract over period of time and enough to caused muscular fatigue or ability to maintain specific percentages of muscular contraction (ACSM, 2010). To develop both muscular strength and endurance the basic principle need to be master is overload, progression, specificity and intensity of load (William et al. 2003). Method can be used to develop muscular strength is, exercise at maximum or near maximum resistance and this will lead to physiological adaptation where muscle increased in strength. For muscular endurance development, method can be used is low intensity but with high repetition. 2.3.4 Body composition Body composition is a distribution of body fat to lean body mass (Pangrazi, 1991). The balance proportions of body fat in human body is one factor contribute to individuals fitness level. Essential fat and storage fat are two classification of fat in humans body (Macardle, 1986), where essential fat being stored in the liver , the lungs, kidney, spleen, lipid rich tissues in the central nervous system and intestine muscles. Second the storage fat is being stored in adipose tissue for nutritional and also for internal protection function. According to NIH (1996) stated that excess body fat especially that located surrounding abdominal, will associated with metabolic syndrome, hypertension, stroke, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia and coronary artery diseases. Other related illness may contribute caused of excess body fat is problem on muscle and joint where extra weight being stress on these two part, heart disease and high cholesterol. Understanding this problem is essential in order to counter back the problem being faced by many children right now. 2.4 Benefit Health Related Fitness To increased health among school children or youth, component health related fitness play a vital role in improving individual fitness level. If student or youth involved in regular physical activity that involved proper or specific frequency, intensity, time, and duration of exercise they may develop good healthy fitness level. A strength or improve in health fitness will avoid such many chronic diseases or in other word non-communicable diseases. Second by improving health related fitness especially muscular strength and endurance it will help in resistance to fatigue. Thus it also will help increasing in the quality of life and help enjoy leisure activity. Student should be told or expose to the benefit of all packages of health related fitness, most of health problem occur in early part of life. In Malaysia it has being diagnosed, children under 12 years old, being overweight is 12.6% while 13.5% is obese caused of low physical activity that lead to low physical fitness level (Yeevon, 2011). The increasing health problems among children now are very alarming where most of cased will associated with failure metabolic rate and heart disease. The knowledge of health related fitness is very importance for the student to master it for early development health lifestyle, by understanding the importance, student will created attitude to value the fitness and the will knowledge that the fitness need some effort of regular exercise with a correct intensity and this will be the best preventive medicine for their life. 2.5 Current Health related fitness in school children According to Tee, (2012) he stated that, the rate of mortality for local and abroad is very alarming where most of problem associated with cardiovascular death. One conclusion from the local data showed or stated that health related physical fitness among student and adult are not at satisfactory target or level. According to Frederick et al. (2010) electronic devices and automation that came from modern technology has made people less active as a result low physical fitness level among children and adults. Second, current status of Malaysia growings children right now is very alarming where now Malaysia facing double burden problem such as increase in number of overweight and obese children and also increased in number of thinness or in other word undernourished children. The problem should be given full attention because the growing numbers are increase tremendously and Malaysian country is the leading country in Asian pacific in obesity rate (Tummy, 2011). On the other hand, other health problem being faced by the Malaysia country is low bone mass and anemia this due to low body weight. Body images perception being faced by young adult and teenagers lead to eating disorder such as bulimia and anorexia (MASO, 2005). In nut shell it is importance for Malaysia people maintain their health status. Furthermore, available data showed that, the prevalence of obesity among children in Malaysia has equal match on developed country (NCCFN, 2005). Two cross-sectional surveys has being carry out in year 2007 and 2008 (Ismail et al., 2009) on children age 6 until 12 years old in Peninsular Malaysia. The data showed that, increase overweight and obese children from 11.0% to 12.8% and 9.7% to 13.7% respectively (figure 2.1). Figure 2.1: Prevalence overweight and obese in children age 6 to 12 years old in Peninsular Malaysia Waist circumference has strongly associated with abdominal fat (NCCFN, 2005). According to Zhou, (2002) he pointed out, in large epidemiology studies, there are strong significant and independently correlated with dyslipideamia, blood pressure, 2 hours plasma glucose or diabetes. Based on the finding, waist circumference is one major importance test in determining individual at risk of chronic diseases. Being inactive or low physical activity has not only associated with heart illness but many other related illnesses. Diabetes, obesity, failure of metabolic rate is some sort of low physical fitness level. In order to overcome the problem is by increase the awareness among children the benefit having physical fitness level. CHAPTER 3 Methodology 3.1 Research Design The study was a cross sectional study. All subjects male and female were enrolled in physical fitness test. This study tends to investigate the relationship between physical fitness, anthropometric and body composition among obese children. All subjects were recruited voluntarily and with consent from parents/guardian. The subjects were briefed verbally during the meeting. The protocol and potential advantages were explained to the subjects before they were given the consent form filled by their parents or guardian. Approval was obtained from the State Education Department as well as school authority prior to data collection. 3.2 Subject selection Two hundred and eleven subjects were randomly sampled in eight primary schools in Beruas area. Subjects include male and female age 10-11 years old. Multistage sampling technique was used to to select all 211 subjects. The Multistage sampling technique was ensure equal reresentation of the subject. 3.3 Data collection The data collection was carried out in primary schools. Data on anthropometry and body composition was collected before the subjects undergo the fitness tests. Standard fitness measurements were used to assess the fitness tests which were Queens College step test, hand grip test, partial curl-up, and sit-and-reach test. Obtained ethical clearance and approval from Research Management Institute (RMI) and Ministry of education Malaysia Exclusion criteria Has medical condition No approval from parent or guardian Inclusion criteria Male and female Age of 10 and 11 years old Screening and recruitment of the subjects SK Gelung Gajah SK Jenis Kebangsaan Cina Pei Ching SK Kampung Kota SK Gangga Subjects were recruited randomly N=246 Informed written consent was obtained from each subject and parent /guardian Data collection: Anthropometry, body composition, physical activity and fitness tests Statistic was analysis Figure 3.1. Research Approach 3.4 Sampling Calculation A total two hundred and four six subject were enrolled in this study. Sample size is determined using table prevalence population. (Krejce and Margan, 1970). The internal confident is 90 percent (confident level) and population percentages not more than .05. Table 3.1 Determining sample size from given population N S* 480 214 500 217 550 226 Note: N = is population size; S = sample size; *sample size for 90% confident that the difference in the population and p There are 8 primary school located at Beruas perak. The population of all school children in Beruas is about 550 students and based on the determining sample size table, the sample size been required is about 217 subject. In order to avoid drop out the required sample size is being multiple by 10% . The calculation as followed: N = sample size = 226 x 10% (drop out) = 22 subject = 22 + 227 = 248 subject. 3.5 Data Collection 3.5 1 Antropometry measurement Anthropometry which includes body weight and height measurements were used in determining the subjects Body Mass Index (BMI) by dividing the weight (kg) by height (m ²). The height was measured using a body meter, SECA, 208 (Germany) to the nearest 0.5 cm and the weight was measured using a digital weighing scale, Tanita (Japan). Procedures are as below: For measuring height: The equipment was mounted on the wall and the subject was bare footed. Both feet were closed together with the heels in contact with the wall, same as the shoulder, back and the buttocks. With the head facing forward the height of the subjects were then measured. For measuring weight: The body weight was being measured in kilograms to the nearest 0.5 kg using the digital weighing scale with the subjects shoes off and light clothing. Then, they were asked to step onto the equipment and stand straight with both hands placed on their side. The measurement appeared on the screen of equipment and was recorded. Waist circumference With participant standing and arm at the sides. Feet together and abdominal relax, a horizontal measurement is taken at narrowest part of the torso (above the umbilicus and below the xiphoid process) Hip circumference With the subject standing, leg slishtly apart (10 cm), a horizontal measurement is taken at the maximal circumference of the hip/proximal thigh, just below the gluteal fold. http://healthfreedoms.org/files/2012/07/Waist-to-Hip-Ratio-%E2%80%93-How-can-measure-Waist-and-Hip-Ratio.jpg Figure 3.2 Figure of waist and hip circumference measurement 3.6 Waist-to-Hip Ratio Waist-to-hip ratio compares circumferences of the waist to the circumference of the hip. WHR was expressed as a ratio, using the formula: WHR = Hip Circumference à · Waist Circumference Where: WHR = waist-to-hip ratio WC = waist circumference HC = hip circumference 3.6 Body Mass Index Measurement (BMI) The BMI (kg/m2) value of body mass index was calculated using WHO, (2007). It was used to analyze and differentiate subjects according to the underweight, normal, overweight and obese category. Table 3.2 Classification of Body Mass Index (kg/m ²) for male by age Age Underweight Normal weight Overweight Obese 10 17.1 18.5 18.6 21.5 > 21.5 11 17.1 19 19.1 22.5 > 22.5 Note. From World health organization, (2007). Retrieved September 20, 2012, from:  http://www.who.int/growthref/who2007_bmi_for_age/en/index.html Table 3.3 Classification of Body Mass Index (kg/m ²) for female Age Underweight Normal weight Overweight Obese 10 16.6 19 19.1 22.5 > 22.5 11 17.4 19.9 20 23.7 > 23.7 Note. From World health organization, (2007). Retrieved September 20, 2012, from:  http://www.who.int/growthref/who2007_bmi_for_age/en/index.html 3.7 Skinfold Measurement Skinfold measurement was made on the right side of the body with subject standing upright. The clipper was placed directly on the skin surface, 1 cm away from the thumb and finger, perpendicular to the skinfold, and halfway between the crest and the base of the fold. A pinch was maintained while reading the clipper. Wait 1 to 2 second (not longer) before reading caliper. Take duplicate measurement at each site, and retest if duplication measurement are not within 1 to 2 mm. Rotate through measurement sites to regain normal texture and thickness calculation based on ACSM (2010), 4 site formula (triceps, biceps, subscapular and suprailiac). Instrument: Skinfol clipper: SFCH80 Harpenden UK range 80mm Procedures are as below: Triceps: vertical fold: on the posterior midline of the upper arms, halfway between the acromion and olecranon processes, with the arms held freely to the side of the body. Biceps: vertical fold: on the anterior aspects of the arms over the belly of the biceps muscle, 1 cm above the level used to mark the triceps site. Subscapula: diagonal fold (at a 45-degree angle); 1 to 2 cm below the inferior angle axillary line immediately superior to the iliac crest. Suprailiac: diagonal fold; in line with the natural angle of the iliac crest taken in the anterior axillary line immediately superior to the iliac crest. Calculation: Equation developed by Durnin and Rahama (1967) to predict percentage total body fat (%TBF) as follows: Formula density: Equation for boy = 1.1533 0.0643 (x) Equation for girl = 1.1549 0.0678 (x) (x) = log of sum of skinfold at 4 sites (triceps, biceps, subscapular and suprailiac) Formula total body fat (TBF%) = (4.95 / Dencity 4.5) x 100 3.8 Body fat percentage The body fat percentage was taken using Bio-impedance Analyzer, Karada (810), (Omron, Japan). It measures the body fat percentage in relation to lean body mass. A normal balance of body fat to lean body mass is associated with good health and longevity. Procedures are explained as below; In straight standing position, subjects were to hold the equipment, grab the handle, and with the hand extend 90 ° from their body. Measurement was appeared on the screen of equipment and was recorded. Physical Fitness Test Queen college step test (cardiovascular) The Queen College Step test had been used to measure the cardio respiratory or aerobic fitness. According to Bolboli et al. (2008), it was quoted to predict maximum oxygen consumption and the reliability of the 3-minute step test was investigated with a specific rhythm. The procedures suggested are explained as below: Subject was ask to step up and down on the step box height 30.5 cm at 24 cycles (up-up-down-down) a minute (metronome setting of 96) for 3 minutes. Immediately after 3 minutes of stepping, the subjects were required to sit down. A 60 second heart rate will be taken starting 5 seconds after the completion of stepping. If the subject does not complete the test, they have to restart again. The subject score is total 60 second pulse rate following 3 minutes of stepping. Table 3.4 Queen Step test norms Score Age 5 4 3 2 1 Male 10 71 92 93 113 118 142 >143 11 76 99 100 124 125 148 >150 12 24 -34 12 23 1 11 >0 Female 10 74 95 96 123 125 148 >150 11 83 99 100 -129 130 153 >154 12 78 107 108 137 138 167 >168 Note. From Measurement by the physical educator: Why and how (5th ed), by David K. Miller, 2006, Boston: McGraw-Hill Humanities Social. Copyright 2006 by David K. Miller. Adapted with permission. 3.9.2 Hand Grip Test (upper body Strength) A muscular strength refer to the external force that can be generate by a specific muscle group and it can be express either statically or dynamically and isometric strength can be measured using hand grip dynamometer (ACSM, 2010). The hand grip test was measured using Digital Hand Grip Dynamometer (Takei A5401). Procedures are explained as below; A maximum voluntary grip is performed on a pair of short parallel bars held between the flexed fingers and the palm, with counter-pressure being applied by the thumb. The subject is verbally encouraged to produce a maximum effort by squeezing the bars as hard as possible and maintaining the maximal effort for 2-3 seconds. Reset the dynamometer to zero before use. Adjust the handgrip dynamometer to fit the size of the subjects hand. The distance between the base and the handle of the dynamometer should approximate the distance between the base of the thumb and the base of the first digit. The subject stands with the heels, buttocks and back resting against a wall. Set the pointer reading to zero. Have the subject grip the dynamometer closely to their side of the body. When ready the subject grips as hard as possible to the count of three. Record the score in the data entry screen and repeat for the other hand (Clerke, 2005). Table 3.5. Norms for hand grip test Male Female Age Wea